PHP Operators
PHP operators are used to perform operations on variables and values. PHP has a variety of operators that allow you to perform different operations like arithmetic, comparison, logical, assignment, and more.
Types of Operators
- Arithmetic Operators
- Assignment Operators
- Comparison Operators
- Logical Operators
- Increment/Decrement Operators
- String Operators
- Array Operators
- Conditional Assignment Operators
1. Arithmetic Operators
These operators are used to perform common arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, etc.
| Operator | Name | Example |
|---|---|---|
| + | Addition | $x + $y |
| - | Subtraction | $x - $y |
| * | Multiplication | $x * $y |
| / | Division | $x / $y |
| % | Modulus | $x % $y |
Example
<?php
$x = 10;
$y = 2;
echo $x + $y; // Addition
echo $x - $y; // Subtraction
echo $x * $y; // Multiplication
echo $x / $y; // Division
echo $x % $y; // Modulus
?>
2. Assignment Operators
Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables.
| Operator | Example | Description |
|---|---|---|
| = | $x = $y |
Assigns the value of $y to $x |
| += | $x += $y |
Adds $y to $x |
| -= | $x -= $y |
Subtracts $y from $x |
| *= | $x *= $y |
Multiplies $y by $x |
| /= | $x /= $y |
Divides $x by $y |
| %= | $x %= $y |
Calculates the modulus of $x by $y |
3. Comparison Operators
Comparison operators are used to compare two values.
| Operator | Name | Example |
|---|---|---|
| == | Equal | $x == $y |
| != | Not Equal | $x != $y |
| === | Identical | $x === $y |
| !== | Not Identical | $x !== $y |
| > | Greater Than | $x > $y |
| < | Less Than | $x < $y |
4. Logical Operators
Logical operators are used to combine conditional statements.
| Operator | Name | Example |
|---|---|---|
| && | And | $x && $y |
| || | Or | $x || $y |
| ! | Not | !$x |
5. Increment/Decrement Operators
These operators are used to increment or decrement a variable's value.
| Operator | Name | Example |
|---|---|---|
| ++ | Increment | ++$x or $x++ |
| -- | Decrement | --$x or $x-- |
6. String Operators
String operators are used to manipulate strings.
| Operator | Name | Example |
|---|---|---|
| . | Concatenation | $x . $y |
| .= | Concatenation Assignment | $x .= $y |
7. Array Operators
Array operators are used to compare or combine arrays.
| Operator | Name | Example |
|---|---|---|
| + | Union | $x + $y |
| == | Equality | $x == $y |
| === | Identity | $x === $y |
| != | Inequality | $x != $y |
| !== | Non-identity | $x !== $y |
8. Conditional Assignment Operators
These operators are used to assign a value based on a condition.
| Operator | Name | Example |
|---|---|---|
| ?: | Ternary | $x = ($a > $b) ? $a : $b |
| ?? | Null Coalescing | $x = $y ?? $z |