Introduction to C++ | Operators

C++ Operators

In C++, operators are symbols that perform operations on variables and values. C++ supports a wide range of operators, categorized based on their functionality.

Categories of Operators

C++ operators can be broadly classified into several categories:

1. Arithmetic Operators

• +: Addition
• -: Subtraction
• *: Multiplication
• /: Division
• %: Modulus (remainder of division)

2. Relational (Comparison) Operators

• ==: Equal to
• !=: Not equal to
• <: Less than
• >: Greater than
• <=: Less than or equal to
• >=: Greater than or equal to

3. Logical Operators

• &&: Logical AND
• ||: Logical OR
• !: Logical NOT

4. Assignment Operators

• =: Assigns value to a variable
• +=: Adds and assigns
• -=: Subtracts and assigns
• *=: Multiplies and assigns
• /=: Divides and assigns

5. Increment and Decrement Operators

• ++: Increment operator (adds 1 to a variable)
• --: Decrement operator (subtracts 1 from a variable)

6. Bitwise Operators

• &: Bitwise AND
• |: Bitwise OR
• ^: Bitwise XOR
• ~: Bitwise NOT
• <<: Left shift
• >>: Right shift

7. Ternary (Conditional) Operator

• ?:: Conditional operator, shorthand for `if-else`

8. Miscellaneous Operators

• &: Address-of operator
• *: Pointer dereference operator
• sizeof: Returns the size of a variable or data type
• ,: Comma operator (used to separate multiple expressions)

Code Example: Using C++ Operators

Here's an example of using different types of operators in a C++ program.

                #include <iostream>
                using namespace std;
        
                int main() {
                    int a = 10, b = 5;
        
                    // Arithmetic Operators
                    int sum = a + b;
                    int diff = a - b;
                    int product = a * b;
                    int quotient = a / b;
                    int remainder = a % b;
        
                    // Relational Operator
                    bool isEqual = (a == b);
        
                    // Logical Operators
                    bool isTrue = (a > b) && (b > 0);
        
                    // Increment Operator
                    a++;
        
                    // Output the results
                    cout << "Sum: " << sum << endl;
                    cout << "Difference: " << diff << endl;
                    cout << "Product: " << product << endl;
                    cout << "Quotient: " << quotient << endl;
                    cout << "Remainder: " << remainder << endl;
                    cout << "Are a and b equal? " << isEqual << endl;
                    cout << "Logical Check (a > b && b > 0): " << isTrue << endl;
                    cout << "Incremented value of a: " << a << endl;
        
                    return 0;
                }
                    

Output

Pro Tip: