Conditional Statements in Python

Conditional statements are fundamental to programming, allowing you to execute specific blocks of code based on certain conditions. In Python, these statements enable the program to make decisions and perform different actions depending on the provided conditions.

Types of Conditional Statements:

• If Statement: Executes a block of code if a specified condition is true.
• If-Else Statement: Executes one block of code if the condition is true, and another block if the condition is false.
• Nested If Statement: An if statement inside another if statement, allowing for multiple layers of condition checking.
• If-Elif-Else Statement: A series of conditions where each subsequent condition is checked if the previous ones are false.

Code Examples of Conditional Statements:

If Statement Syntax:

if condition:
            # Code to execute if condition is true

# If Statement
        age = 18
        if age >= 18:
            print("You are an adult.")

If-Else Statement Syntax:

if condition:
            # Code to execute if condition is true
        else:
            # Code to execute if condition is false

# If-Else Statement
        marks = 75
        if marks >= 60:
            print("You passed the exam.")
        else:
            print("You failed the exam.")

Nested If Statement Syntax:

if condition1:
            if condition2:
                # Code to execute if condition1 and condition2 are true

# Nested If Statement
        num = 10
        if num > 0:
            if num % 2 == 0:
                print("Positive even number.")
            else:
                print("Positive odd number.")

If-Elif-Else Statement Syntax:

if condition1:
            # Code to execute if condition1 is true
        elif condition2:
            # Code to execute if condition1 is false and condition2 is true
        else:
            # Code to execute if both conditions are false

# If-Elif-Else Statement
        day = 3
        if day == 1:
            print("Monday")
        elif day == 2:
            print("Tuesday")
        elif day == 3:
            print("Wednesday")
        else:
            print("Other day")

Important Points on Conditional Statements:

• Indentation: Indentation is crucial in Python; it defines the scope of the code blocks under each condition.
• Boolean Expressions: Conditions in if statements can be any expression that evaluates to a boolean value (True or False).
• Short-Circuit Evaluation: Python evaluates conditions in the order they are written and stops evaluating as soon as the result is determined.
• Multiple Conditions: You can use logical operators (and, or, not) to combine multiple conditions in a single if statement.
• Use of Ternary Operator: Python supports a shorthand for if-else statements called a conditional expression: value_if_true if condition else value_if_false.
• Readability: Aim for clarity and simplicity in your conditional statements to enhance code readability.

Conclusion

Mastering conditional statements is essential for creating dynamic and responsive programs in Python. Understanding how to structure and nest conditions effectively allows for more complex decision-making processes in your code.