C.Tutorial

Literals in C

In C programming, literals are fixed values that are directly assigned to variables. They are also referred to as constants and can be of various types such as integer, floating-point, character, or string literals.

Types of Literals

Integer Literals: Whole numbers without any fractional part.
Floating-point Literals: Numbers with a fractional part or in exponential notation.
Character Literals: A single character enclosed in single quotes.
String Literals: A sequence of characters enclosed in double quotes.
Boolean Literals: Represents true or false.

Examples of Literals

Integer Literals

                
#include <stdio.h>
int main() 
{
  int age = 25;    // Decimal literal
  int oct = 031;   // Octal literal
  int hex = 0x19;  // Hexadecimal literal
        
  printf("Decimal: %d\n", age);
  printf("Octal: %o\n", oct);
  printf("Hexadecimal: %x\n", hex);
        
  return 0;
}

Output

Decimal: 25
Octal: 31
Hexadecimal: 19

Floating-point Literals

                
#include <stdio.h>
int main() 
{
  float pi = 3.14;       // Regular floating-point literal
  double exp = 2.1e3;    // Exponential form
        
  printf("Value of pi: %f\n", pi);
  printf("Exponential form: %e\n", exp);
        
  return 0;
}

Output

Value of pi: 3.140000
Exponential form: 2.100000e+03

Character Literals

                
#include <stdio.h>
int main() 
{
  char grade = 'A';  // Character literal
        
  printf("Grade: %c\n", grade);
        
  return 0;
        
}

Output

Grade: A

String Literals

                
#include <stdio.h>
int main() 
{
  char message[] = "Hello, World!";  // String literal
        
  printf("Message: %s\n", message);
        
  return 0;
}

Output

Message: Hello, World!